This subdivision covers R&D directed towards construction.
It includes R&D directed towards
improving the use and performance of building materials,
the processes for which they are used
and the functions of engineering, planning, design, management
and building services in
the construction industry.
This subdivision includes R&D directed towards testing
on construction sites the performance,
durability and life cycle of materials used in the construction
industry; the planning component of
the construction up to the stage of developing sketch
plans; design component, specifically turning
sketch plans into working drawings and specifications;
the development and supply of components
and materials which are assembled and placed on site
to form buildings, but manufactured off-site;
and the design, supply and installation of building services.
It includes R&D directed towards 'clean production'
to minimise emissions to the environment
from construction or towards protection of the production
site.
R&D directed towards safety in construction projects is also included in this subdivision.
This subdivision has six groups:
This group covers R&D directed towards improving the
activities associated with the development of
construction projects to the sketch plan stage, including
urban planning, environmental impact studies,
investigation of alternatives, market surveys, information
gathering and assessment, geotechnical
considerations, conceptual architectural design and project
funding.
This group has five classes:
This group covers R&D directed towards improving the
associated activities which
turn a project sketch plan into detailed architectural
and engineering designs and specifications
and towards the development of building regulations and
design codes.
R&D directed towards quantity surveying is also included in this group.
This group has five classes:
GROUP 680300 MATERIALS PERFORMANCE AND PROCESSES
This group covers R&D directed towards testing the
performance, durability and life cycle of components
and materials which are delivered or assembled on construction
sites. The testing of performance,
durability or life cycle of building materials on existing
buildings is also included in this group.
Examples of building materials on which testing is carried
out are steel elements and assemblies,
concrete, reinforcing bars, precast concrete elements,
bricks, blocks, plasterboard, roof tiles,
timber and plastic and aluminium components, such as
windows, frames and piping.
This group has six classes:
This group covers R&D directed towards improving the
associated processes or activities which
translate plans and specifications into a finished building.
This group includes R&D directed towards the tendering
process, contractual matters, construction management,
quality assurance, the actual construction and towards
the health and safety aspects in construction.
This group has five classes:
Exclusions: R&D directed towards 'clean production'
to minimise emissions to the environment from
construction processes or towards protection of the production
site is included in
Group 680600 Prevention and Treatment of Pollution.
GROUP 680500 BUILDING MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES
This group covers R&D directed towards the design
and installation of building services
such as lifts, air-conditioning, plumbing, electrical
services, communication networks, security
and fire alarm systems. R&D directed towards
the maintenance or servicing of these services
is also included in this group.
This group includes R&D directed towards site demolition,
building refurbishment and o
ther construction trade services (e.g. concreting, tiling)
not elsewhere classified.
This group has five classes:
GROUP 680600 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF POLLUTION
This group covers R&D directed towards 'clean production'
to minimise emissions to the environment
from construction or towards protection of the production
site.
This group has five classes:
This subdivision covers R&D directed towards improving
the efficiency and safety of transport systems
for moving freight, passengers or livestock by ground,
water, air or any combinations of these
(e.g. sea-air transport) or by any other means.
This subdivision includes R&D directed towards oceanic
currents and processes that impinge
on sea safety or navigation.
It includes R&D directed towards minimising emissions to the environment from transport.
This subdivision has five groups:
This group covers R&D directed towards road passenger
or freight transport, long or
short distance bus transport (incl. tramway), railway
transport, taxi and other road transport.
This group includes R&D directed towards services
to ground transport such as parking services,
toll bridge, weighbridge, container terminals and punt
operations and towards improving road safety.
This group has four classes:
Exclusions: R&D directed towards minimising emissions
to the environment from ground transport
is included in Group 690500 Prevention and Treatment
of Pollution.
This group covers R&D directed towards international, coastal or inland water transport.
This group includes R&D directed towards services
to water transport such as stevedoring, water terminals,
ports and other services to water transport and towards
oceanic currents and processes in so far as
they impinge on sea safety or navigation.
This group has three classes:
Exclusions: R&D directed towards minimising emissions
to the environment from water transport
is included in Group 690500 Prevention and Treatment
of Pollution.
This group covers R&D directed towards international
and domestic air transport for passenger,
freight and livestock.
It includes R&D directed towards other non-scheduled air and space transport.
This group has two classes:
Exclusions: R&D directed towards minimising emissions
to the environment from air transport
is included in Group 690500 Prevention and Treatment
of Pollution.
This group covers R&D directed towards multi-modal transport and intermodal materials handling.
R&D directed towards pipeline transport and other transport not elsewhere classified is also included in this group.
This group has three classes:
Exclusions: R&D directed towards minimising emissions
to the environment from other transport
is included in Group 690500 Prevention and Treatment
of Pollution.
GROUP 690500 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF POLLUTION
This group covers R&D directed towards minimising emissions to the environment from transport.
This group has four classes: