This division covers R&D directed towards assessing
and sustaining the quality of the environment
and its natural resources. The environment for purposes
of this classification refers to 'all surroundings
of human beings, whether affecting human beings as
individuals or in social groupings'.
Source: Environmental Protection (Impact of Proposals)
Act 1975.
This division includes R&D directed towards the study
of the environment
(both of pristine and degraded or altered states) conducted
in the context of developing management
strategies to sustain the quality of environmental attributes.
It also includes studies of the environmental
impact of socio-economic activities as well as R&D
for the development of social and
economic environmental policies.
This division has two subdivisions:
This subdivision covers R&D directed towards the development
of social and economic environmental policies.
This subdivision also covers R&D directed towards
environmental aspects which are not elsewhere classified.
This subdivision has three groups:
This group covers R&D directed towards the development of environmental policy, legislation and standards.
This group has five classes:
GROUP 760200 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE EVALUATION
This group covers R&D directed towards environmental and resource evaluation.
This group has four classes:
This group covers R&D directed towards environmental aspects which are not elsewhere classified.
It has the one Class 769999 Other environmental aspects.
Exclusions: R&D directed towards environmental management
is included in
Subdivision 770000 Environmental Management.
SUBDIVISION 770000 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
This subdivision covers R&D directed towards the study
of the environment
(both of pristine and degraded or altered states) conducted
in the context of developing management strategies
to sustain the quality of environmental attributes. It
also includes studies of the environmental impact
of socio-economic activities.
This subdivision has twelve groups:
This group covers R&D directed towards the expansion
of knowledge and understanding of the climate
and the weather. Climate for the purpose
of this classification refers to a long term
average condition of the weather in a given area.
This group has four classes:
This group covers R&D directed towards the expansion
of knowledge and understanding of the atmosphere,
including understanding the changes in the upper atmosphere
(stratosphere - between 10 and 59 km altitude),
ozone concentrations and their effects.
This group has two classes:
GROUP 770300 MARINE ENVIRONMENT
This group covers R&D directed towards the expansion
of knowledge and
understanding of the marine environment.
This group has eight classes:
This group covers R&D directed towards enhancing knowledge,
awareness and
understanding of the coastal and estuarine environment.
Coastal refers to an area within 150 km of the coastline.
This group has ten classes:
GROUP 770500 URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT
This group covers R&D directed towards enhancing knowledge,
awareness and
understanding of the urban and industrial environment.
Urban refers to areas
where most Australians live, i.e. 92% of people live
within 14% of the
land area of Australia at an average population density
of 13 people/km2.
This group has eight classes:
GROUP 770600 HIGH COUNTRY (INCL. MOUNTAINS)
This group covers R&D directed towards enhancing knowledge,
awareness and
understanding of the environment of the high country
(incl. mountains).
For purposes of this classification, high country (incl.
mountains) refers to the area,
including the Great Dividing Range and the Great Escarpment,
which are above 1000 metres in altitude.
This group has eight classes:
GROUP 770700 FOREST AND WOODED LANDS
This group covers R&D directed towards enhancing knowledge,
awareness and
understanding of the environment of forest and wooded
lands. Forest land
refers to an area of trees which has a foliage projective
cover in the tallest stratum of more than 30%
or a crown cover of more than 20% of the area and not
used primarily for purposes other than forestry.
It includes public and private forest, forest in national
parks, forest roads and streams, forest nurseries,
plantations primarily used for forestry purposes and
areas of windbreaks and shelterbelts sufficiently large
to be managed as forest. It excludes isolated groups
of trees and city parks and gardens. Wooded land
refers to an area of trees and/or shrubs which has a
foliage projective cover in the tallest stratum of
between 10% to 30% or a crown cover of between 10% to
20% of the area.
This group has eight classes:
GROUP 770800 FARMLAND (INCL. ARABLE LAND AND PERMANENT CROP LAND)
This group covers R&D directed towards enhancing knowledge,
awareness and
understanding of the environment of farmland (incl. arable
land and permanent crop land).
Farmland refers to (a) arable land which is land
under crops such as cereals, root crops,
industrial crops (e.g. cotton, tobacco, oilseeds), vegetables,
flowers and ornamental plants;
and (b) permanent cropland which is land under orchards,
vineyards, olives, etc.
Source: OECD Environment Data Compendium (1991).
This group has eight classes:
GROUP 770900 SPARSELAND (INCL. PERMANENT GRASSLAND AND THE ARID ZONE)
This group covers R&D directed towards enhancing knowledge,
awareness
and understanding of the environment of sparseland (incl.
permanent grassland and the arid zone).
Sparseland refers to areas with a population density
of less than 1000 people per 8000 km2.
It includes the arid zone (which receives less than 250
mm of rain a year in the south and 350 mm in the north)
as well as the permanent grasslands or rangelands where
sheep or cattle graze on native vegetation.
Source: D. Cocks (1992) Use with Care, U&NSW Press.
This group has eight classes:
GROUP 771000 MINING ENVIRONMENTS
This group covers R&D directed towards enhancing knowledge,
awareness and
understanding of mining environments. Mining environments
are areas where mining is occurring.
This group has eight classes:
GROUP 771100 ANTARCTIC AND SUB-ANTARCTIC AREAS
This group covers R&D directed towards enhancing knowledge,
awareness and
understanding of the environment of antarctic and sub-antarctic
areas.
Antarctic (incl. subantarctic) refers to areas south
of latitude 500S, namely Antarctica, Heard Island,
Macdonald Island and Macquarie Island.
This group has six classes:
GROUP 779900 OTHER (INCL. ISLANDS)
This group covers R&D directed towards enhancing knowledge,
awareness
and understanding of the environment of other areas not
elsewhere classified.
This group has eight classes: